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Ferrous Wear Concentration versus PQ Index

Ferrous Wear Concentration versus PQ Index
Ferrous Wear Concentration versus PQ Index Since elemental spectroscopy is generally accepted as having lower accuracy measuring wear particles larger than approximately 10 microns, most labs employ some form of simple, large particle analysis specific to ferrous content. Ferrous content is chosen not only because it tends to represent the most common metal in machines,…
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Understanding MPC Results

Understanding MPC Results
Understanding MPC Results According to ASTM test method D7843, Membrane Patch Colorimetry (MPC) is intended to serve as a “guide to end-users on the formation of lubricant-generated, insoluble deposits”. The issue, however, is that the results do not seem straightforward. Fundamentally, MPC is measure of the insolubles found dissolved or suspended in the fluid, and…
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What Failed Demulsibility Results Mean

What Failed Demulsibility Results Mean
What Failed Demulsibility Results Mean Demulsibility, or more correctly, water separation, is a measure of a lubricant’s ability to separate from water. Lubricants and water have a natural tendency to separate because most basestock molecules are non-polar, while water molecules are polar and will seek each other out instead of mixing with the basestock. Water…
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Sources of Silicon

Sources of Silicon
Sources of Silicon Silicon is commonly identified as a contaminant, either from dust or dirt, which must be understood to be completely different types of contaminants. Dirt has a different chemical composition than dust, though they both are silicon-based. Dirt is also made up of aluminum, with a ratio of around 3-4 times more silicon…
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Sources of Boron

Sources of Boron
Sources of Boron Boron is an additive metal commonly used in detergent additives and occurs in some EP or AW additive chemistries. Only when the boron level deviates more than 25% from the new oil or reference value should a concern be raised, but the likeliest cause is mixing or topping-off with a different product.…
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Sources of Lithium

Sources of Lithium
Sources of Lithium Lithium is used in the most common form of a thickener system for greases. Generally, trace levels of grease migrating into a lubrication system are not harmful; however, the additives from the grease may create a negative synergy with the additives in the lubricant. Watch for the next article in the Elemental…
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