Sources of Copper Copper usually appears in fluid samples as a wear metal, most often arising from brass or bronze components. Whether gears, bearing cages, guides, bushings, or piston shoes, brass and bronze parts are alloys of copper lead, tin, and/or zinc. Being an alloy, the wear metals from these parts will remain proportional as…
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Sources of Iron
Sources of Iron Iron is commonly expected to be found in samples as a wear metal, as it is the foundation element in all forms of steel, which is by far the most prevalent material in lubricated machines. It will often correlate with other metals like chromium, titanium, molybdenum, and vanadium; if the correlation remains…
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Introduction to Elemental Spectroscopy
Introduction to Elemental Spectroscopy Elemental spectroscopy measures in-service fluid samples for wear metals, additives, and contaminants. The method used to perform the measurement is properly termed Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the results are commonly referred to as ICP or spec results. The measurement is performed by diluting a sample with solvent…
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Antioxidants Found In Turbine Oils
Antioxidants Found In Turbine Oils Each turbine oil has a unique formulation with regards to antioxidants, both in the type of antioxidants that are present and the amounts. Some turbine oils have only phenolic antioxidants, some have only amine antioxidants, and some have both amines and phenols. In each case, the lubricant manufacturer has tried…
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Understanding Oil Viscosity: The Thick and Thin of It
Understanding Oil Viscosity: The Thick and Thin of It If you have a gearbox with a manufacturer’s nameplate instructing you to use the American Gear Manufacturer’s Association (AGMA) #4 viscosity oil at a given operating temperature, or if it specified a 750 SSU viscosity oil, would you know exactly what viscosity oil you need? If…
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Know the Proper Base Number of Your Oil
Know the Proper Base Number of Your Oil The base number (BN) is a property that is more associated with engine oils rather than industrial oils. It can be defined as the oil’s ability to neutralize acids that are produced during use. The higher the base number in the engine oil, the more acid it…
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