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Varnish is an insoluble film that coats the internal components of machines lubrication systems. Often comprised of degradation products associated with oxidation or thermal degradation, these soft contaminants are less than 1 micrometer in size.

Varnish potential, or the measure of a lube oil’s tendency to form varnish deposits, cannot accurately be measured using standard oil analysis tests. The specific lubricant degradation byproducts associated with varnish formation remain elusive for tests like viscosity, acid number, spectrography, and particle counts to measure.